在 Cake 构建期间，当前上下文中不存在名称“Npm”

Question

我正在 Jenkins 构建服务器上运行 Cake 构建并且正在获取

error CS0101: The name 'Npm' does not exist in the current context

任务是这样的

Task("NpmInstall")
    .Does(() =>
    {
        Npm.FromPath("./src/MyProject/").Install();
    });

Cake 构建在我安装了 Visual Studio 2017 的开发机器上完美运行，所以我知道脚本很好，但由于某种原因，它在 Jenkins 构建服务器上抛出了这个错误。我猜我的开发机器上安装了一些在 Jenkins 机器上不存在的工具，但我似乎找不到那是什么。

以下是上次构建的诊断输出

Preparing to run build script...
Chocolatey v0.10.5
Nothing to change. Config already set.
Chocolatey v0.10.5
Installing the following packages:
gitversion.portable
By installing you accept licenses for the packages.
GitVersion.Portable v4.0.0-beta0011 already installed.
 Use --force to reinstall, specify a version to install, or try upgrade.

Chocolatey installed 0/1 packages. 0 packages failed.
 See the log for details (C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\logs\chocolatey.log).

Warnings:
 - gitversion.portable - GitVersion.Portable v4.0.0-beta0011 already installed.
 Use --force to reinstall, specify a version to install, or try upgrade.
Running build script...
Module directory does not exist.
Analyzing build script...
Analyzing C:/Program Files (x86)/Jenkins/workspace/release-1.0.0/build.cake...
Processing build script...
Installing addins...
Package Cake.Npm has already been installed.
The addin Cake.Npm will reference Cake.Npm.dll.
Creating script session...
Adding reference to mscorlib.dll...
Adding reference to System.Core.dll...
Adding reference to Cake.Core.dll...
Adding reference to Cake.Common.dll...
Adding reference to Cake.exe...
Adding reference to System.dll...
Adding reference to System.Xml.dll...
Adding reference to System.Xml.Linq.dll...
Adding reference to System.Data.dll...
Adding reference to Cake.Npm.dll...
Importing namespace Cake.Common...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.AppVeyor...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.AppVeyor.Data...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.Bamboo...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.Bamboo.Data...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.BitbucketPipelines...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.BitbucketPipelines.Data...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.Bitrise...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.Bitrise.Data...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.ContinuaCI...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.ContinuaCI.Data...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.GitLabCI...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.GitLabCI.Data...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.GoCD...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.GoCD.Data...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.Jenkins...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.Jenkins.Data...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.MyGet...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.TeamCity...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.TFBuild...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.TFBuild.Data...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.TravisCI...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Build.TravisCI.Data...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Diagnostics...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.IO...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.IO.Paths...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Net...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Security...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Solution...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Solution.Project...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Solution.Project.Properties...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Solution.Project.XmlDoc...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Text...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Cake...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.ApiKey...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.Config...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.Features...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.Install...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.New...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.Pack...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.Pin...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.Push...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.Sources...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.Uninstall...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Chocolatey.Upgrade...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotCover...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotCover.Analyse...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotCover.Cover...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotCover.Merge...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotCover.Report...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotNetCore...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotNetCore.Build...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotNetCore.Execute...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotNetCore.Pack...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotNetCore.Publish...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotNetCore.Restore...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotNetCore.Run...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DotNetCore.Test...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.DupFinder...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Fixie...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.GitLink...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.GitReleaseManager...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.GitReleaseManager.AddAssets...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.GitReleaseManager.Close...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.GitReleaseManager.Create...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.GitReleaseManager.Export...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.GitReleaseManager.Publish...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.GitReleaseNotes...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.GitVersion...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.ILMerge...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.ILRepack...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.InnoSetup...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.InspectCode...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.MSBuild...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.MSTest...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NSIS...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet.Add...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet.Init...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet.Install...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet.Pack...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet.Push...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet.Restore...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet.SetApiKey...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet.SetProxy...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet.Sources...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NuGet.Update...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.NUnit...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.OctopusDeploy...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.OpenCover...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.ReportGenerator...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.ReportUnit...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.Roundhouse...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.SignTool...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.SpecFlow...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.SpecFlow.StepDefinitionReport...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.SpecFlow.TestExecutionReport...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.TextTransform...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.VSTest...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.VSWhere...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.VSWhere.All...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.VSWhere.Latest...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.VSWhere.Legacy...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.VSWhere.Product...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.WiX...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.WiX.Heat...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.XBuild...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Tools.XUnit...
Importing namespace Cake.Common.Xml...
Importing namespace Cake.Core...
Importing namespace Cake.Core.Diagnostics...
Importing namespace Cake.Core.IO...
Importing namespace Cake.Core.Scripting...
Importing namespace Cake.Npm...
Importing namespace Cake.Npm.Install...
Importing namespace Cake.Npm.Pack...
Importing namespace Cake.Npm.Publish...
Importing namespace Cake.Npm.RunScript...
Importing namespace System...
Importing namespace System.Collections.Generic...
Importing namespace System.IO...
Importing namespace System.Linq...
Importing namespace System.Text...
Importing namespace System.Threading.Tasks...
Compiling build script...
Error: Roslyn.Compilers.CompilationErrorException: C:/Program Files (x86)/Jenkins/workspace/release-1.0.0/build.cake(37,3): error CS0103: The name 'Npm' does not exist in the current context
   at Roslyn.Scripting.CommonScriptEngine.CompilationError(DiagnosticBag localDiagnostics, DiagnosticBag diagnostics)
   at Roslyn.Scripting.CommonScriptEngine.Compile(String code, String path, DiagnosticBag diagnostics, Session session, Type delegateType, Type returnType, CancellationToken cancellationToken, Boolean isInteractive, Boolean isExecute,     CommonCompilation& compilation, Delegate& factory)
   at Roslyn.Scripting.CommonScriptEngine.Execute[T](String code, String path, DiagnosticBag diagnostics, Session session, Boolean isInteractive)
   at Roslyn.Scripting.Session.Execute(String code)
   at Cake.Core.Scripting.ScriptRunner.Run(IScriptHost host, FilePath scriptPath, IDictionary`2 arguments)
   at Cake.Commands.BuildCommand.Execute(CakeOptions options)
   at Cake.CakeApplication.Run(CakeOptions options)
   at Cake.Program.Main()

我的构建服务器缺少什么？

Answer 1

虽然我同意 Cake.Npm 包中的重大更改是不幸的，也许可以更好地处理，但 API 中的更改完全是 documented，并就如何推进必要的更改提出了建议，以及如何坚持以前的版本。纯粹从语义版本控制的角度来看，这个插件还没有达到第一个公共 API 版本号，即 1.0.0，因此应该预料到 API 级别的变化，并进行适当的处​​理。

这里的后一点是重要的，也是我想进一步强调的一点。在任何构建系统中，不仅仅是 Cake，您都希望争取可重复、可维护的构建。您可以阅读有关此here 的信息。为此，强烈建议既固定到specific version of Cake，也固定到您在构建脚本中使用的所有插件、工具和模块的特定版本。这样，您将始终能够在任何系统上重复构建，而不是由于应用程序上游发布了新的依赖项而导致构建失败。

在您的情况下，我建议如下：

#addin nuget:?package=Cake.Npm&version=0.8.0

这样一来，您的本地计算机以及您选择在其上运行构建的任何构建服务器都将获取 Cake.Npm 包的 0.8.0 版本，并且将始终正常工作。

然后，当您准备好时，您可以有意识地升级依赖项，测试以确保一切正常，然后推出更改。

Answer 2

这是Cake.Npm 插件发生重大更改的结果。在 0.9.0 中，维护者基本上重写了 API 以使用 NpmInstall、NpmPack 等别名来替换旧的 Npm.Install 样式的别名。

您应该能够通过将任务更改为以下内容来修复此错误：

Task("NpmInstall")
.Does(() =>
{
    NpmInstall(s => s.FromPath("./src/MyProject/"));
});

您可以查看新 API on the website 的完整文档