在剪辑中打印部分事实

Question

假设我定义了以下事实：

(deffacts MAIN::students
   (student (student-name X) (student-id 1) (major CS) (nationality UK))
   (student (student-name Y) (student-id 2) (major CS) (nationality USA))
   (student (student-name Z) (student-id 3) (major CIS) (nationality FR))
   (student (student-name W) (student-id 4) (major SE) (nationality FR))
   (student (student-name Q) (student-id 5) (major CIS) (nationality USE))
   (student (student-name U) (student-id 6) (major CS) (nationality UK)))

我想像这样打印学生信息：
姓名身份证主要国籍

我该怎么做呢？到目前为止，我知道我可以使用(facts)，但它会打印插槽名称和值。

我也读过printout，但我不知道如何用它打印特定的事实（只有值，没有插槽名称）

如何打印事实值以使每个事实都在一行中？

Answer 1

根据规则有几种方法可以做到这一点。使用 do-for-all-facts 的规则是一种技术，也可以通过在命令提示符下输入 do-for-all-facts 命令来使用。如果您希望按事实列表中出现的顺序打印事实，这也是可以使用的技术。在每个规则中，您还可以使用打印输出或格式功能。

CLIPS> 
(deftemplate student
   (slot student-name)
   (slot student-id)
   (slot major)
   (slot nationality))
CLIPS> 
(deffacts students
   (student (student-name X) (student-id 1) (major CS) (nationality UK))
   (student (student-name Y) (student-id 2) (major CS) (nationality USA))
   (student (student-name Z) (student-id 3) (major CIS) (nationality FR))
   (student (student-name W) (student-id 4) (major SE) (nationality FR))
   (student (student-name Q) (student-id 5) (major CIS) (nationality USE))
   (student (student-name U) (student-id 6) (major CS) (nationality UK)))
CLIPS>    
(defrule rule-1
   (student (student-name ?sn) (student-id ?si) (major ?m) (nationality ?n))
   =>
   (printout t "rule-1: " ?sn " " ?si " " ?m " " ?n crlf))
CLIPS>    
(defrule rule-2
   ?f <- (student)
   =>
   (printout t "rule-2: " (fact-slot-value ?f student-name)  " " 
                          (fact-slot-value ?f student-id) " " 
                          (fact-slot-value ?f major) " " 
                          (fact-slot-value ?f nationality) crlf))
CLIPS>                           
(defrule rule-3
   =>
   (do-for-all-facts ((?f student)) TRUE
      (format t "rule-3: %s %d %s %s%n" ?f:student-name ?f:student-id ?f:major ?f:nationality)))
CLIPS> (reset)
CLIPS> (run)
rule-1: U 6 CS UK
rule-2: U 6 CS UK
rule-1: Q 5 CIS USE
rule-2: Q 5 CIS USE
rule-1: W 4 SE FR
rule-2: W 4 SE FR
rule-1: Z 3 CIS FR
rule-2: Z 3 CIS FR
rule-1: Y 2 CS USA
rule-2: Y 2 CS USA
rule-1: X 1 CS UK
rule-2: X 1 CS UK
rule-3: X 1 CS UK
rule-3: Y 2 CS USA
rule-3: Z 3 CIS FR
rule-3: W 4 SE FR
rule-3: Q 5 CIS USE
rule-3: U 6 CS UK
CLIPS>