SQL Server 2016 T-SQL 将逗号字符串转换为内部连接数据库名称

Question

我的某一列的值如下所示：

ID   | userPerms | Name      | DOB
-----+-----------+-----------+----------
5985 |1,3,4      |Bob Barker |12/12/1923
895  |1,2        |Bill Gates |10/14/1955
5897 |1,2,4      |Steve Jobs |02/24/1955

该列是 userPerms 列。

我需要能够Inner Join与与这些数字关联的userPerm 表。

我的查询目前是：

SELECT 
    uT.employeeID + '|' + uT.lastFirstMiddle + '|' + uT.ntName + '|' + uT.email + '|' + 
    uT.firstName  + '|' + uT.lastName        + '|' + uT.active + '|' + uT.userPerms + '|' + 
    uT.userPermPages 
FROM 
    usersTbl AS uT
INNER JOIN 
    usersPermissions AS uP ON uP.id = uT.userPerms 
WHERE 
    uT.id = 1

由于数据中包含逗号，因此它自然不会起作用。

所以我在输出中寻找什么：

ID   | userPerms        | Name      | DOB
-----+------------------+-----------+------------
5985 |Read,Upload,Admin |Bob Barker |12/12/1923
895  |Read,Write        |Bill Gates |10/14/1955
5897 |Read,Write,Admin  |Steve Jobs |02/24/1955

有谁知道如何拆分这些，以便 inner join 能够按设计工作？

更新 1

我得到了它的工作，但是：

它不会将 userPerms 合并到原始字符串中

SELECT 
    uT.employeeID + '|' + uT.lastFirstMiddle + '|' + uT.ntName + '|' + 
    uT.email + '|' + uT.firstName + '|' + uT.lastName + '|' + uT.active, 
    (
        SELECT 
            ',' + uP.type
        FROM 
            usersPermissions AS uP
        WHERE 
            ',' + uT.userPerms + ',' 
        LIKE 
            '%,' + cast(uP.id AS nvarchar(20)) + ',%'
        FOR 
            XML PATH(''), TYPE
    ).value('substring(text()[1], 2)', 'varchar(max)') AS userPerms,
    (
        SELECT 
            ',' + uP.name
        FROM 
            pagePermissions AS uP
        WHERE 
            ',' + uT.userPerms + ',' 
        LIKE 
            '%,' + cast(uP.id AS nvarchar(20)) + ',%'
        FOR 
            XML PATH(''), TYPE
    ).value('substring(text()[1], 2)', 'varchar(max)') AS userPermPages
FROM 
    usersTbl as uT 
WHERE 
    uT.id = '1';

Answer 1

对于这样的 ID 列表来说，数据库设计不是很好。最好使用关系表来存储多对多关系。也就是说，这可能工作：

SELECT 
    uT.employeeID + '|' + uT.lastFirstMiddle + '|' + uT.ntName + '|' + uT.email + '|' + 
    uT.firstName  + '|' + uT.lastName        + '|' + uT.active + '|' + uT.userPerms + '|' + 
    uT.userPermPages 
FROM 
    usersTbl AS uT
INNER JOIN 
    usersPermissions AS uP
    ON ','+uT.userPerms+',' like '%,'+uP.id+',%'
WHERE 
    uT.id = 1

想法是在 uT.userPerms 的开头和结尾添加逗号，并使用 like 运算符加入 uT.userPerms 中出现的任何 uP.id（也用逗号包围）。

Answer 2

好吧，你问我... :-)

我目前没有安装 SQL-Server 2016，所以这是未经测试的空气代码。但我认为你需要这样的东西：

SET DATEFORMAT mdy;

DECLARE @tblData TABLE(ID INT, userPerms VARCHAR(100),Name VARCHAR(100),DOB DATE);
INSERT INTO @tblData VALUES
 (5985,'1,3,4','Bob Barker','12/12/1923')
,(895,'1,2','Bill Gates','10/14/1955')
,(5897,'1,2,4','Steve Jobs','02/24/1955');

DECLARE @tblPerm TABLE(ID INT, Perm VARCHAR(100));
INSERT INTO @tblPerm VALUES
 (1,'Read')
,(2,'Write')
,(3,'Upload')
,(4,'Admin');

SELECT d.ID,d.Name,d.DOB 
      ,STRING_AGG(p.Perm,',') AS Perms
FROM @tblData AS d
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(d.userPerms,',') AS A
INNER JOIN @tblPerm AS p ON CAST(A.value AS INT)=p.ID --<-- added cast to int
GROUP BY d.ID,d.Name,d.DOB;

函数string_split() 将用逗号分隔值，这允许您JOIN 您的目录表。 GROUP BY 结合 STRING_AGG() 应该返回你想要的。但是我以前从来没有用过这个......

希望这会有所帮助！

更新：没有string-split 和string-agg 的有效解决方案

SET DATEFORMAT mdy;

DECLARE @tblData TABLE(ID INT, userPerms VARCHAR(100),Name VARCHAR(100),DOB DATE);
INSERT INTO @tblData VALUES
 (5985,'1,3,4','Bob Barker','12/12/1923')
,(895,'1,2','Bill Gates','10/14/1955')
,(5897,'1,2,4','Steve Jobs','02/24/1955');

DECLARE @tblPerm TABLE(ID INT, Perm VARCHAR(100));
INSERT INTO @tblPerm VALUES
 (1,'Read')
,(2,'Write')
,(3,'Upload')
,(4,'Admin');

WITH Joined As
(
    SELECT d.ID
          ,d.Name
          ,d.DOB
          ,p.Perm 
    FROM @tblData AS d
    CROSS APPLY(SELECT CAST('<x>' +  REPLACE(d.userPerms,',','</x><x>') + '</x>' AS XML)) AS A(casted)
    CROSS APPLY A.casted.nodes(N'/x') AS B(numbers)
    INNER JOIN @tblPerm AS p ON CAST(B.numbers.value(N'text()[1]',N'int') AS INT)=p.ID
)
SELECT j.ID
      ,j.Name
      ,j.DOB 
      ,STUFF((
        SELECT ',' + x.perm
        FROM Joined AS x
        WHERE x.ID=j.ID
        FOR XML PATH('')
       ),1,1,'') AS Perm
FROM Joined AS j
GROUP BY ID,Name,DOB

Answer 3

create table  #tblData (ID INT, userPerms VARCHAR(100),Name VARCHAR(100),DOB DATE);
INSERT INTO #tbldata VALUES
 (5985,'1,3,4','Bob Barker','12/12/1923')
,(895,'1,2','Bill Gates','10/14/1955')
,(5897,'1,2,4','Steve Jobs','02/24/1955');

create table   #tblPerm (ID INT, Perm VARCHAR(100));
INSERT INTO #tblPerm VALUES
 (1,'Read')
,(2,'Write')
,(3,'Upload')
,(4,'Admin');    

Create FUNCTION [dbo].[fnSplitString] 
    ( 
        @string NVARCHAR(MAX), 
        @delimiter CHAR(1) 
    ) 
    RETURNS @output TABLE(splitdata NVARCHAR(MAX) 
    ) 
    BEGIN 
        DECLARE @start INT, @end INT 
        SELECT @start = 1, @end = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @string) 
        WHILE @start < LEN(@string) + 1 BEGIN 
            IF @end = 0  
                SET @end = LEN(@string) + 1

            INSERT INTO @output (splitdata)  
            VALUES(SUBSTRING(@string, @start, @end - @start)) 
            SET @start = @end + 1 
            SET @end = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @string, @start)

        END 
        RETURN 
    END
    go
    ;with cte
    as
    (
    select t1.ID,t1.userPerms,t1.Name,t3.Perm ,t1.DOB from #tblData as t1
    cross apply 
    dbo.fnsplitstring(t1.userPerms,',') as t2
    join #tblPerm as t3
    on t3.ID=t2.splitdata
    )

    select id,STUFF((select ','+perm from cte t1 
    where t1.ID=t2.id 
    for XML path('')),1,1,'')  as userperms,Name,DOB
    from cte t2
    group by id ,name,DOB