SQL如何获取内外花费的时间

Question

我有一个简单的表格，用于存储员工全天的打卡和打卡：

╔══════════╦══════════════════╦════════════╗
║ Employee ║  PunchDateTime   ║ ActionType ║
╠══════════╬══════════════════╬════════════╣
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 08:00 ║ IN         ║
║ Mark     ║ 2014/03/26 08:12 ║ IN         ║
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 08:50 ║ OUT        ║
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 09:29 ║ IN         ║
║ Mark     ║ 2014/03/26 10:35 ║ OUT        ║
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 10:55 ║ OUT        ║
║ Mark     ║ 2014/03/26 11:42 ║ IN         ║
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 12:38 ║ IN         ║
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 16:21 ║ OUT        ║
║ Mark     ║ 2014/03/26 16:49 ║ OUT        ║
╚══════════╩══════════════════╩════════════╝

我想构建一个计算进出时间的查询。最终结果应如下所示：

╔══════════╦══════════════════╦════════════╦════════╦═════════╗
║ Employee ║  PunchDateTime   ║ ActionType ║ TimeIn ║ TimeOut ║
╠══════════╬══════════════════╬════════════╬════════╬═════════╣
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 08:00 ║ IN         ║ -      ║ -       ║
║ Mark     ║ 2014/03/26 08:12 ║ IN         ║ -      ║ -       ║
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 08:50 ║ OUT        ║ 00:40  ║ -       ║
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 09:29 ║ IN         ║ -      ║ 00:39   ║
║ Mark     ║ 2014/03/26 10:35 ║ OUT        ║ 02:23  ║ -       ║
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 10:55 ║ OUT        ║ 01:26  ║ -       ║
║ Mark     ║ 2014/03/26 11:42 ║ IN         ║ -      ║ 01:07   ║
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 12:05 ║ IN         ║ -      ║ 01:10   ║
║ John     ║ 2014/03/26 16:21 ║ OUT        ║ 04:16  ║ -       ║
║ Mark     ║ 2014/03/26 16:49 ║ OUT        ║ 05:07  ║ -       ║
╚══════════╩══════════════════╩════════════╩════════╩═════════╝

标准：

• 结果需要由用户按一天计算。如果间隔超过一天，则必须计算每天花费的总时间
• 将忽略双进/出，应使用最外层（因此 in,in,out 表示从先入到出的跟踪时间）
• 我只需要每日结果。如果员工在一天结束时进入，并在第二天退出，它将被忽略。从第一个有效 IN 和最后一个有效 OUT 开始。
• 仅计算有效的 IN 和 OUT 对所花费的时间，排除无法配对的那些（两个或多个连续 IN/OUT）

SqlFiddle

如何计算 TimeIn 和 TimeOut 的图形表示（针对一名员工）：

Answer 1

给你：

if object_id('tempdb..#Punch') is not null
    drop table #Punch

create table #Punch(
    Employee varchar(50) not null,
    PunchDateTime datetime not null,
    ActionType varchar(3) not null
)

insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 06:00', 'OUT' -- extra "out"
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 08:00', 'IN'
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 08:01', 'IN' -- extra "in"
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 08:02', 'IN' -- extra "in"
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 08:03', 'IN' -- extra "in"
insert into #Punch select 'Mark', '2014/03/26 08:12', 'IN'
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 08:50', 'OUT'
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 08:51', 'OUT' -- extra "out"
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 08:52', 'OUT' -- extra "out"
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 08:53', 'OUT' -- extra "out"
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 09:29', 'IN'
insert into #Punch select 'Mark', '2014/03/26 10:35', 'OUT'
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 10:55', 'OUT'
insert into #Punch select 'Mark', '2014/03/26 11:42', 'IN'
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 12:38', 'IN'
insert into #Punch select 'John', '2014/03/26 16:21', 'OUT'
insert into #Punch select 'Mark', '2014/03/26 16:49', 'OUT'

select *
from (
    select
        p.Employee,
        p.PunchDateTime,
        p.ActionType,
        case when p.ActionType = 'IN' 
            then '-' 
            else coalesce(substring(convert(varchar(30), p.PunchDateTime - p.PreviousPunchDateTime, 20), 12, 5), '-')
        end as TimeIn,
        case when p.ActionType = 'OUT' 
            then '-' 
            else coalesce(substring(convert(varchar(30), p.PunchDateTime - p.PreviousPunchDateTime, 20), 12, 5), '-')
        end as TimeOut
    from (
        select
            a.Employee,
            a.PunchDateTime,
            a.ActionType,
            (
                select top 1 b.PunchDateTime 
                from #Punch b 
                where b.Employee = a.Employee 
                    and b.PunchDateTime < a.PunchDateTime
                    and b.ActionType <> a.ActionType
                    and datediff(day, b.PunchDateTime, a.PunchDateTime) = 0 -- same day
                    and not exists(
                        select 1
                        from #Punch c
                        where c.Employee = a.Employee
                            and c.ActionType = a.ActionType
                            and c.PunchDateTime < a.PunchDateTime
                            and c.PunchDateTime > b.PunchDateTime
                    )
                    and not (
                        b.ActionType = 'OUT'
                        and not exists(select 1 from #Punch d where d.Employee = a.Employee and d.ActionType = 'IN' and d.PunchDateTime < b.PunchDateTime)
                    )
                order by b.PunchDateTime asc
            ) as PreviousPunchDateTime
        from #Punch a
    ) p
) p2
where not (p2.ActionType = 'OUT' and p2.TimeIn = '-' and p2.TimeOut = '-')
    and not (
        p2.ActionType = 'IN' and p2.TimeIn = '-' and p2.TimeOut = '-'
        and exists(select 1 from #Punch a where a.ActionType = 'IN' and a.Employee = p2.Employee and a.PunchDateTime < p2.PunchDateTime))
order by
    p2.PunchDateTime