matplotlib：多个箱线图的插入轴

Question

我在 matplotlib 中有一些箱线图，我想使用 inset axes 放大特定的 y 范围 ([0,0.1])。从文档中的example 中我不清楚我应该如何为同一个数字上的多个箱线图执行此操作。我试图修改此示例提供的代码，但有太多不必要的复杂性。我的代码很简单：

# dataToPlot is a list of lists, containing some data. 
plt.figure()
plt.boxplot(dataToPlot)
plt.savefig( 'image.jpeg', bbox_inches=0)

如何添加插入轴并放大两者的第一个箱线图？我怎样才能为两者都做到这一点？

编辑：我尝试了下面的代码，但这是我得到的：

出了什么问题？

# what's the meaning of these two parameters?
fig = plt.figure(1, [5,4])
# what does 111 mean?
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.boxplot(data)
# ax.set_xlim(0,21)  # done automatically based on the no. of samples, right?
# ax.set_ylim(0,300) # done automatically based on max value in my samples, right?
# Create the zoomed axes
axins = zoomed_inset_axes(ax, 6, loc=1) # zoom = 6, location = 1 (upper right)
axins.boxplot(data)
# sub region of the original image
#here I am selecting the first boxplot by choosing appropriate values for x1 and x2 
# on the y-axis, I'm selecting the range which I want to zoom in, right?
x1, x2, y1, y2 = 0.9, 1.1, 0.0, 0.01
axins.set_xlim(x1, x2)
axins.set_ylim(y1, y2)
# even though it's false, I still see all numbers on both axes, how do I remove them?
plt.xticks(visible=False)
plt.yticks(visible=False)
# draw a bbox of the region of the inset axes in the parent axes and
# connecting lines between the bbox and the inset axes area
# what are fc and ec here? where do loc1 and loc2 come from?
mark_inset(ax, axins, loc1=2, loc2=4, fc="none", ec="0.5")
plt.savefig( 'img.jpeg', bbox_inches=0)

Answer 1

loc 决定了缩放轴的位置，1 代表upper right，2 代表upper left，以此类推。我稍微修改了示例代码以生成多个缩放轴。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.inset_locator import zoomed_inset_axes
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.inset_locator import mark_inset

import numpy as np

def get_demo_image():
    from matplotlib.cbook import get_sample_data
    import numpy as np
    f = get_sample_data("axes_grid/bivariate_normal.npy", asfileobj=False)
    z = np.load(f)
    # z is a numpy array of 15x15
    return z, (-3,4,-4,3)


fig = plt.figure(1, [5,4])
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

# prepare the demo image
Z, extent = get_demo_image()
Z2 = np.zeros([150, 150], dtype="d")
ny, nx = Z.shape
Z2[30:30+ny, 30:30+nx] = Z

# extent = [-3, 4, -4, 3]
ax.imshow(Z2, extent=extent, interpolation="nearest",
          origin="lower")

axins = zoomed_inset_axes(ax, 6, loc=1) # zoom = 6
axins.imshow(Z2, extent=extent, interpolation="nearest",
             origin="lower")

# sub region of the original image
x1, x2, y1, y2 = -1.5, -0.9, -2.5, -1.9
axins.set_xlim(x1, x2)
axins.set_ylim(y1, y2)

axins1 = zoomed_inset_axes(ax, 8, loc=2) # zoom = 8
axins1.imshow(Z2, extent=extent, interpolation="nearest",
             origin="lower")

# sub region of the original image
x1, x2, y1, y2 = -1.2, -0.9, -2.2, -1.9
axins1.set_xlim(x1, x2)
axins1.set_ylim(y1, y2)

plt.xticks(visible=False)
plt.yticks(visible=False)

# draw a bbox of the region of the inset axes in the parent axes and
# connecting lines between the bbox and the inset axes area
mark_inset(ax, axins, loc1=2, loc2=4, fc="none", ec="0.5")
mark_inset(ax, axins1, loc1=2, loc2=4, fc="none", ec="0.5")

plt.draw()
plt.show()

编辑1：

同样，您也可以在箱线图中添加缩放轴。这是一个例子

from pylab import *
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.inset_locator import zoomed_inset_axes
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.inset_locator import mark_inset

# fake up some data
spread = rand(50) * 100 
center = ones(25) * 50
flier_high = rand(10) * 100 + 100
flier_low = rand(10) * -100
data = concatenate((spread, center, flier_high, flier_low), 0)

# fake up some more data
spread= rand(50) * 100
center = ones(25) * 40
flier_high = rand(10) * 100 + 100
flier_low = rand(10) * -100
d2 = concatenate( (spread, center, flier_high, flier_low), 0 )
data.shape = (-1, 1)
d2.shape = (-1, 1)
data = [data, d2, d2[::2,0]]

# multiple box plots on one figure
fig = plt.figure(1, [5,4])
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.boxplot(data)
ax.set_xlim(0.5,5)
ax.set_ylim(0,300)

# Create the zoomed axes
axins = zoomed_inset_axes(ax, 3, loc=1) # zoom = 3, location = 1 (upper right)
axins.boxplot(data)

# sub region of the original image
x1, x2, y1, y2 = 0.9, 1.1, 125, 175
axins.set_xlim(x1, x2)
axins.set_ylim(y1, y2)
plt.xticks(visible=False)
plt.yticks(visible=False)

# draw bboxes of the two regions of the inset axes in the parent axes and
# connect lines between the bbox and the inset axes area
mark_inset(ax, axins, loc1=2, loc2=4, fc="none", ec="0.5")

show() 

编辑2

如果分布是异质的，即大多数值很小而很少有非常大的值，上述缩放过程可能不起作用，因为它会同时缩放x 和y 轴。在这种情况下，最好将y-axis 的比例更改为log。

from pylab import *

# fake up some data
spread = rand(50) * 1
center = ones(25) * .5
flier_high = rand(10) * 100 + 100
flier_low = rand(10) * -100
data = concatenate((spread, center, flier_high, flier_low), 0)

# fake up some more data
spread = rand(50) * 1
center = ones(25) * .4
flier_high = rand(10) * 100 + 100
flier_low = rand(10) * -100
d2 = concatenate( (spread, center, flier_high, flier_low), 0 )
data.shape = (-1, 1)
d2.shape = (-1, 1)
data = [data, d2, d2[::2,0]]

# multiple box plots on one figure
fig = plt.figure(1, [5,4]) # Figure Size
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)  # Only 1 subplot 
ax.boxplot(data)
ax.set_xlim(0.5,5)
ax.set_ylim(.1,300)
ax.set_yscale('log')

show()