概述
bookdown::pdf_document2() 与rmarkdwon::pdf_document() 不同,前者将$opts_knit$kable.force.latex 设置为TRUE,而后者将其保留为默认值(FALSE)。
检查.md文件
我认为.md到.tex的过程应该是一样的,.tex文件的不同可能是.md文件的不同。所以我运行以下代码来保留中间的.md 文件。
rmarkdown::render('pdf_document.Rmd', clean = FALSE)
file.remove('pdf_document.utf8.md');
rmarkdown::render('pdf_document2.Rmd', clean = FALSE)
file.remove('pdf_document2.utf8.md');
pdf_document.knit.md
Table: Summary descriptives table by groups of `Sex'
Var Male N=1101 Female N=1193 p.overall
----------------------------------------------- --------------- ----------------- -----------
Recruitment year: 0.506
1995 206 (18.7%) 225 (18.9%)
2000 390 (35.4%) 396 (33.2%)
2005 505 (45.9%) 572 (47.9%)
Age 54.8 (11.1) 54.7 (11.0) 0.840
Smoking status: <0.001
Never smoker 301 (28.1%) 900 (77.5%)
Current or former < 1y 410 (38.3%) 183 (15.7%)
Former >= 1y 360 (33.6%) 79 (6.80%)
Systolic blood pressure 134 (18.9) 129 (21.2) <0.001
Diastolic blood pressure 81.7 (10.2) 77.8 (10.5) <0.001
pdf2_document.knit.md
\begin{table}
\caption{(\#tab:md-output)Summary descriptives table by groups of `Sex'}
\centering
\begin{tabular}[t]{l|c|c|c}
\hline
Var & Male N=1101 & Female N=1193 & p.overall\\
\hline
Recruitment year: & & & 0.506\\
\hline
\ \ \ \ 1995 & 206 (18.7\%) & 225 (18.9\%) & \\
\hline
\ \ \ \ 2000 & 390 (35.4\%) & 396 (33.2\%) & \\
\hline
\ \ \ \ 2005 & 505 (45.9\%) & 572 (47.9\%) & \\
\hline
Age & 54.8 (11.1) & 54.7 (11.0) & 0.840\\
\hline
Smoking status: & & & <0.001\\
\hline
\ \ \ \ Never smoker & 301 (28.1\%) & 900 (77.5\%) & \\
\hline
\ \ \ \ Current or former < 1y & 410 (38.3\%) & 183 (15.7\%) & \\
\hline
\ \ \ \ Former >= 1y & 360 (33.6\%) & 79 (6.80\%) & \\
\hline
Systolic blood pressure & 134 (18.9) & 129 (21.2) & <0.001\\
\hline
Diastolic blood pressure & 81.7 (10.2) & 77.8 (10.5) & <0.001\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
这解释了为什么您会在 pdf 输出中看到不同的外观。
探索
为了进一步探究原因,
> pdf1 <- rmarkdown::pdf_document()
> pdf2 <- bookdown::pdf_document2()
> all.equal(pdf, pdf2)
[1] "Length mismatch: comparison on first 11 components"
[2] "Component “knitr”: Component “opts_knit”: target is NULL, current is list"
[3] "Component “pandoc”: Component “args”: Lengths (8, 12) differ (string compare on first 8)"
[4] "Component “pandoc”: Component “args”: 8 string mismatches"
[5] "Component “pandoc”: Component “ext”: target is NULL, current is character"
[6] "Component “pre_processor”: target, current do not match when deparsed"
[7] "Component “post_processor”: target is NULL, current is function"
由于knitr将Rmarkdown转换为pandoc markdown,我猜$knitr会导致.md文件的差异。
> all.equal(pdf$knitr, pdf2$knitr)
[1] "Component “opts_knit”: target is NULL, current is list"
> pdf2$knitr$opts_knit
$bookdown.internal.label
[1] TRUE
$kable.force.latex
[1] TRUE
kable是输出表的函数,所以$knitr$opts_knit$kable.force.latex可能是根本原因。
验证
为了验证我的假设,
pdf3 <- pdf2
pdf3$knitr$opts_knit$kable.force.latex = FALSE
rmarkdown::render('pdf_document3.Rmd', clean = FALSE, output_format = pdf3)
file.remove('pdf_document3.utf8.md')
pdf_document3.knit.md
Var Male N=1101 Female N=1193 p.overall
----------------------------------------------- --------------- ----------------- -----------
Recruitment year: 0.506
1995 206 (18.7%) 225 (18.9%)
2000 390 (35.4%) 396 (33.2%)
2005 505 (45.9%) 572 (47.9%)
Age 54.8 (11.1) 54.7 (11.0) 0.840
Smoking status: <0.001
Never smoker 301 (28.1%) 900 (77.5%)
Current or former < 1y 410 (38.3%) 183 (15.7%)
Former >= 1y 360 (33.6%) 79 (6.80%)
Systolic blood pressure 134 (18.9) 129 (21.2) <0.001
Diastolic blood pressure 81.7 (10.2) 77.8 (10.5) <0.001
哇哦!
高级
其实compareGroups::export2md使用knitr::kable作为工作马,
> compareGroups::export2md
function (x, which.table = "descr", nmax = TRUE, header.labels = c(),
caption = NULL, ...)
{
if (!inherits(x, "createTable"))
stop("x must be of class 'createTable'")
...
if (ww %in% c(1)) {
...
table1 <- table1[-1, , drop = FALSE]
return(knitr::kable(table1, align = align, row.names = FALSE,
caption = caption[1]))
}
if (ww %in% c(2)) {
table2 <- prepare(x, nmax = nmax, c())[[2]]
...
return(knitr::kable(table2, align = align, row.names = FALSE,
caption = caption[2]))
}
}
它使用kable.force.latex 作为内部选项来调整其输出。如果你浏览knitr的GitHub仓库,你可以在R/utils.R文件中找到如下代码
kable = function(
x, format, digits = getOption('digits'), row.names = NA, col.names = NA,
align, caption = NULL, format.args = list(), escape = TRUE, ...
) {
# determine the table format
if (missing(format) || is.null(format)) format = getOption('knitr.table.format')
if (is.null(format)) format = if (is.null(pandoc_to())) switch(
out_format() %n% 'markdown',
latex = 'latex', listings = 'latex', sweave = 'latex',
html = 'html', markdown = 'markdown', rst = 'rst',
stop('table format not implemented yet!')
) else if (isTRUE(opts_knit$get('kable.force.latex')) && is_latex_output()) {
# force LaTeX table because Pandoc's longtable may not work well with floats
# http://tex.stackexchange.com/q/276699/9128
'latex'
} else 'pandoc'
if (is.function(format)) format = format()
...
structure(res, format = format, class = 'knitr_kable')
}
结论
$knitr$opts_knit$kable.force.latex = TRUE 导致bookdown::pdf_document2() 在.md 文件中插入latex 代码,而rmarkdown::pdf_document() 保留markdown 代码,这让pandoc 有机会提供漂亮的表格。
我不认为这是一个错误。谢一辉(bookdown的作者)可能有一些特殊的原因会这样做。而且bookdown::pdf_document2() 永远不需要与rmarkdown::pdf_document() 相同。