PowerShell：调用包含下划线变量的脚本块

Question

我通常执行以下操作来调用包含$_ 的脚本块：

$scriptBlock = { $_ <# do something with $_ here #> }
$theArg | ForEach-Object $scriptBlock

实际上，我正在创建一个管道，它将赋予 $_ 其值（在 Foreach-Object 函数调用中）。

但是，在查看LINQ 模块的源代码时，它定义并使用以下函数来调用委托：

# It is actually surprisingly difficult to write a function (in a module)
# that uses $_ in scriptblocks that it takes as parameters. This is a strange
# issue with scoping that seems to only matter when the function is a part
# of a module which has an isolated scope.
# 
# In the case of this code:
# 1..10 | Add-Ten { $_ + 10 }
#
# ... the function Add-Ten must jump through hoops in order to invoke the
# supplied scriptblock in such a way that $_ represents the current item
# in the pipeline.
#
# Which brings me to Invoke-ScriptBlock.
# This function takes a ScriptBlock as a parameter, and an object that will
# be supplied to the $_ variable. Since the $_ may already be defined in
# this scope, we need to store the old value, and restore it when we are done.
# Unfortunately this can only be done (to my knowledge) by hitting the
# internal api's with reflection. Not only is this an issue for performance,
# it is also fragile. Fortunately this appears to still work in PowerShell
# version 2 through 3 beta.
function Invoke-ScriptBlock {
[CmdletBinding()]

    param (
        [Parameter(Position=1,Mandatory=$true)]
        [ScriptBlock]$ScriptBlock,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
        [Object]$InputObject
    )

    begin {
            # equivalent to calling $ScriptBlock.SessionState property:
            $SessionStateProperty = [ScriptBlock].GetProperty('SessionState',([System.Reflection.BindingFlags]'NonPublic,Instance'))
            $SessionState = $SessionStateProperty.GetValue($ScriptBlock, $null)
        }
    }
    process {
        $NewUnderBar = $InputObject
        $OldUnderBar = $SessionState.PSVariable.GetValue('_')
        try {
            $SessionState.PSVariable.Set('_', $NewUnderBar)
            $SessionState.InvokeCommand.InvokeScript($SessionState, $ScriptBlock, @())
        }
        finally {
            $SessionState.PSVariable.Set('_', $OldUnderBar)
        }
    }
}

这让我觉得有点低级。有推荐的、安全的方法吗？

Answer 1

您可以使用与号调用脚本块。无需使用 Foreach-Object。

$scriptblock = {## whatever}
& $scriptblock

@(1,2,3) | % { & {write-host $_}}

传递参数：

$scriptblock = {write-host $args[0]}
& $scriptblock 'test'

$scriptBlock = {param($NamedParam) write-host $NamedParam}
& $scriptBlock -NamedParam 'test'

如果您要在 Invoke-Command 中使用它，您也可以使用 $using 构造。

$test = 'test'
$scriptblock = {write-host $using:test}