如何使用 C# 查找默认 Web 浏览器？

Question

有没有一种方法可以使用 C# 找出我的默认 Web 浏览器的名称？ （火狐、谷歌浏览器等）

你能举个例子吗？

Answer 1

当 Internet Explorer 设置为默认浏览器时，other answer 对我不起作用。在我的 Windows 7 PC 上，HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\http\shell\open\command 没有针对 IE 进行更新。这背后的原因可能是从 Windows Vista 开始对默认程序的处理方式进行了更改。

您可以在注册表项Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\Associations\UrlAssociations\http\UserChoice 中找到默认选择的浏览器，其值为Progid。 (thanks goes to Broken Pixels)

const string userChoice = @"Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\Associations\UrlAssociations\http\UserChoice";
string progId;
BrowserApplication browser;
using ( RegistryKey userChoiceKey = Registry.CurrentUser.OpenSubKey( userChoice ) )
{
    if ( userChoiceKey == null )
    {
        browser = BrowserApplication.Unknown;
        break;
    }
    object progIdValue = userChoiceKey.GetValue( "Progid" );
    if ( progIdValue == null )
    {
        browser = BrowserApplication.Unknown;
        break;
    }
    progId = progIdValue.ToString();
    switch ( progId )
    {
        case "IE.HTTP":
            browser = BrowserApplication.InternetExplorer;
            break;
        case "FirefoxURL":
            browser = BrowserApplication.Firefox;
            break;
        case "ChromeHTML":
            browser = BrowserApplication.Chrome;
            break;
        case "OperaStable":
            browser = BrowserApplication.Opera;
            break;
        case "SafariHTML":
            browser = BrowserApplication.Safari;
            break;
        case "AppXq0fevzme2pys62n3e0fbqa7peapykr8v":
            browser = BrowserApplication.Edge;
            break;
        default:
            browser = BrowserApplication.Unknown;
            break;
    }
}

如果您还需要浏览器可执行文件的路径，您可以按如下方式访问它，使用Progid 从ClassesRoot 检索它。

const string exeSuffix = ".exe";
string path = progId + @"\shell\open\command";
FileInfo browserPath;
using ( RegistryKey pathKey = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey( path ) )
{
    if ( pathKey == null )
    {
        return;
    }

    // Trim parameters.
    try
    {
        path = pathKey.GetValue( null ).ToString().ToLower().Replace( "\"", "" );
        if ( !path.EndsWith( exeSuffix ) )
        {
            path = path.Substring( 0, path.LastIndexOf( exeSuffix, StringComparison.Ordinal ) + exeSuffix.Length );
            browserPath = new FileInfo( path );
        }
    }
    catch
    {
        // Assume the registry value is set incorrectly, or some funky browser is used which currently is unknown.
    }
}

Answer 2

你可以看here的例子，但主要是这样：

internal string GetSystemDefaultBrowser()
{
    string name = string.Empty;
    RegistryKey regKey = null;

    try
    {
        //set the registry key we want to open
        regKey = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey("HTTP\\shell\\open\\command", false);

        //get rid of the enclosing quotes
        name = regKey.GetValue(null).ToString().ToLower().Replace("" + (char)34, "");

        //check to see if the value ends with .exe (this way we can remove any command line arguments)
        if (!name.EndsWith("exe"))
            //get rid of all command line arguments (anything after the .exe must go)
            name = name.Substring(0, name.LastIndexOf(".exe") + 4);

    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        name = string.Format("ERROR: An exception of type: {0} occurred in method: {1} in the following module: {2}", ex.GetType(), ex.TargetSite, this.GetType());
    }
    finally
    {
        //check and see if the key is still open, if so
        //then close it
        if (regKey != null)
            regKey.Close();
    }
    //return the value
    return name;

}

Answer 3

我刚刚为此做了一个函数：

    public void launchBrowser(string url)
    {
        string browserName = "iexplore.exe";
        using (RegistryKey userChoiceKey = Registry.CurrentUser.OpenSubKey(@"Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\Associations\UrlAssociations\http\UserChoice"))
        {
            if (userChoiceKey != null)
            {
                object progIdValue = userChoiceKey.GetValue("Progid");
                if (progIdValue != null)
                {
                    if(progIdValue.ToString().ToLower().Contains("chrome"))
                        browserName = "chrome.exe";
                    else if(progIdValue.ToString().ToLower().Contains("firefox"))
                        browserName = "firefox.exe";
                    else if (progIdValue.ToString().ToLower().Contains("safari"))
                        browserName = "safari.exe";
                    else if (progIdValue.ToString().ToLower().Contains("opera"))
                        browserName = "opera.exe";
                }
            }
        }

        Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo(browserName, url));
    }

Answer 4

这已经过时了，但我只会添加我自己的发现供其他人使用。 HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Clients\StartMenuInternet 的值应该为您提供该用户的默认浏览器名称。

如果要枚举所有已安装的浏览器，请使用 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Clients\StartMenuInternet

您可以使用在HKEY_CURRENT_USER 中找到的名称来识别HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE 中的默认浏览器，然后以此方式查找路径。

Answer 5

WINDOWS 10

internal string GetSystemDefaultBrowser()
    {
        string name = string.Empty;
        RegistryKey regKey = null;

        try
        {
            var regDefault = Registry.CurrentUser.OpenSubKey("Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\FileExts\\.htm\\UserChoice", false);
            var stringDefault = regDefault.GetValue("ProgId");

            regKey = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(stringDefault + "\\shell\\open\\command", false);
            name = regKey.GetValue(null).ToString().ToLower().Replace("" + (char)34, "");

            if (!name.EndsWith("exe"))
                name = name.Substring(0, name.LastIndexOf(".exe") + 4);

        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            name = string.Format("ERROR: An exception of type: {0} occurred in method: {1} in the following module: {2}", ex.GetType(), ex.TargetSite, this.GetType());
        }
        finally
        {
            if (regKey != null)
                regKey.Close();
        }

        return name;
    }

Answer 6

以下是我通过将此处的响应与正确的协议处理相结合而得出的结论：

/// <summary>
///     Opens a local file or url in the default web browser.
///     Can be used both for opening urls, or html readme docs.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pathOrUrl">Path of the local file or url</param>
/// <returns>False if the default browser could not be opened.</returns>
public static Boolean OpenInDefaultBrowser(String pathOrUrl)
{
    // Trim any surrounding quotes and spaces.
    pathOrUrl = pathOrUrl.Trim().Trim('"').Trim();
    // Default protocol to "http"
    String protocol = Uri.UriSchemeHttp;
    // Correct the protocol to that in the actual url
    if (Regex.IsMatch(pathOrUrl, "^[a-z]+" + Regex.Escape(Uri.SchemeDelimiter), RegexOptions.IgnoreCase))
    {
        Int32 schemeEnd = pathOrUrl.IndexOf(Uri.SchemeDelimiter, StringComparison.Ordinal);
        if (schemeEnd > -1)
            protocol = pathOrUrl.Substring(0, schemeEnd).ToLowerInvariant();
    }
    // Surround with quotes
    pathOrUrl = "\"" + pathOrUrl + "\"";
    Object fetchedVal;
    String defBrowser = null;
    // Look up user choice translation of protocol to program id
    using (RegistryKey userDefBrowserKey = Registry.CurrentUser.OpenSubKey(@"Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\Associations\UrlAssociations\" + protocol + @"\UserChoice"))
        if (userDefBrowserKey != null && (fetchedVal = userDefBrowserKey.GetValue("Progid")) != null)
            // Programs are looked up the same way as protocols in the later code, so we just overwrite the protocol variable.
            protocol = fetchedVal as String;
    // Look up protocol (or programId from UserChoice) in the registry, in priority order.
    // Current User registry
    using (RegistryKey defBrowserKey = Registry.CurrentUser.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Classes\" + protocol + @"\shell\open\command"))
        if (defBrowserKey != null && (fetchedVal = defBrowserKey.GetValue(null)) != null)
            defBrowser = fetchedVal as String;
    // Local Machine registry
    if (defBrowser == null)
        using (RegistryKey defBrowserKey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Classes\" + protocol + @"\shell\open\command"))
            if (defBrowserKey != null && (fetchedVal = defBrowserKey.GetValue(null)) != null)
                defBrowser = fetchedVal as String;
    // Root registry
    if (defBrowser == null)
        using (RegistryKey defBrowserKey = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(protocol + @"\shell\open\command"))
            if (defBrowserKey != null && (fetchedVal = defBrowserKey.GetValue(null)) != null)
                defBrowser = fetchedVal as String;
    // Nothing found. Return.
    if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(defBrowser))
        return false;
    String defBrowserProcess;
    // Parse browser parameters. This code first assembles the full command line, and then splits it into the program and its parameters.
    Boolean hasArg = false;
    if (defBrowser.Contains("%1"))
    {
        // If url in the command line is surrounded by quotes, ignore those; our url already has quotes.
        if (defBrowser.Contains("\"%1\""))
            defBrowser = defBrowser.Replace("\"%1\"", pathOrUrl);
        else
            defBrowser = defBrowser.Replace("%1", pathOrUrl);
        hasArg = true;
    }
    Int32 spIndex;
    if (defBrowser[0] == '"')
        defBrowserProcess = defBrowser.Substring(0, defBrowser.IndexOf('"', 1) + 2).Trim();
    else if ((spIndex = defBrowser.IndexOf(" ", StringComparison.Ordinal)) > -1)
        defBrowserProcess = defBrowser.Substring(0, spIndex).Trim();
    else
        defBrowserProcess = defBrowser;

    String defBrowserArgs = defBrowser.Substring(defBrowserProcess.Length).TrimStart();
    // Not sure if this is possible / allowed, but better support it anyway.
    if (!hasArg)
    {
        if (defBrowserArgs.Length > 0)
            defBrowserArgs += " ";
        defBrowserArgs += pathOrUrl;
    }
    // Run the process.
    defBrowserProcess = defBrowserProcess.Trim('"');
    if (!File.Exists(defBrowserProcess))
        return false;
    ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo(defBrowserProcess, defBrowserArgs);
    psi.WorkingDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(defBrowserProcess);
    Process.Start(psi);
    return true;
}

Answer 7

正如我在Steven's answer 下评论的那样，我遇到了这种方法不起作用的情况。我正在运行 Windows 7 Pro SP1 64 位。我下载并安装了the Opera browser，发现他的回答中描述的HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\Associations\UrlAssociations\https\UserChoice reg 键是空的，即没有ProgId 值。

我使用Process Monitor 来观察在默认浏览器中打开 URL 时发生的情况（通过单击开始 > 运行并键入“https://www.google.com”）并发现在检查上述注册表项并失败后为了找到ProgId 的值，它在HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\https\shell\open\command 中找到了它需要的东西（在检查并未能在少数其他键中找到它之后）。虽然 Opera 被设置为默认浏览器，但该键中的 Default 值包含以下内容：

"C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Local\Programs\Opera\launcher.exe" -noautoupdate -- "%1"

我继续在 Windows 10 上对此进行了测试，它的行为有所不同——更符合 Steven 的回答。它在HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\Associations\UrlAssociations\https\UserChoice 中找到了“OperaStable”ProgId 值。此外，Windows 10 计算机上的HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\https\shell\open\command 键不将默认浏览器的命令行路径存储在HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\https\shell\open\command 中——我发现那里的值是

"C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe" %1

以下是我根据我在 Process Monitor 中观察到的建议：

先试试Steven的流程，如果HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\Associations\UrlAssociations\https\UserChoice里面没有ProgID，那么看HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\https\shell\open\command里面的默认值。当然，我不能保证这会起作用，主要是因为我在找到它之前看到它在一堆其他位置中查找。但是，如果我或其他人遇到不符合我描述的模型的场景，当然可以在此处改进和记录该算法。

Answer 8

    public void launchBrowser(string url)
    {
        using (RegistryKey userChoiceKey = Registry.CurrentUser.OpenSubKey(@"Software\Clients\StartMenuInternet"))
        {
            var first = userChoiceKey?.GetSubKeyNames().FirstOrDefault();
            if (userChoiceKey == null || first == null) return;
            var reg = userChoiceKey.OpenSubKey(first + @"\shell\open\command");
            var prog = (string)reg?.GetValue(null);
            if (prog == null) return;
            Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo(prog, url));
        }
    }

Answer 9

根据 rory.ap（下），我发现这适用于今天的 Windows 10 中的 Firefox、iexplore 和 edge。

我在设置中检查了更改默认应用程序正确更改了注册表项。

您可能会遇到 iexplore 和 edge 的 hmtl 文件名中的空格问题。所以“C#”在使用返回的字符串时会有所作为。

private string FindBrowser()
{
    using var key = Registry.CurrentUser.OpenSubKey(
        @"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\Associations\URLAssociations\http\UserChoice");
    var s = (string) key?.GetValue("ProgId");
    using var command = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey($"{s}\\shell\\open\\command");
    // command == null if not found
    // GetValue(null) for default value.
    // returned string looks like one of the following:
    // "C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe" -osint -url "%1"
    // "C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe" %1
    // "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe" --single-argument %1
    return (string) command?.GetValue(null);
}