如何在我的 PyQt-GUI 上应用多处理模块

Question

我知道这是一个老问题，并且已经在其他问题中找到了答案，例如此线程 here。但是，我在应用它时遇到了一些问题。

我现在的方式如下：我有我的 MainWindow 类，我可以在其中输入一些数据。然后我有一个 Worker 类，它是一个 PySide2.QtCore.QThread 对象。我将一些来自 MainWindow 的输入数据传递给这个类。在这个 Worker 类中，我有一个设置一些 ODE 的方法，在 Worker 类的另一个方法中，这些 ODE 由 scipy.integrate.solve_ivp 解决。集成完成后，我通过信号将结果发送回主窗口。所以代码大致是这样的：

import PySide2
from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp

class Worker(QtCore.QThread):

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        super(Worker,self).__init__()
        "Here I collect input parameters"

    def run(self):
        "Here I call solve_ivp for the integration and send a signal with the 
        solution when it is done"

    def ode_fun(self,t,c):
        "Function where the ode equations are set up"


class Ui_MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        "set up the GUI"
        self.btnStartSimulation.clicked.connect(self.start_simulation) #button to start the integration

    def start_simulation(self):
        self.watchthread(Worker)
        self.thread.start()

    def watchthread(self,worker):
        self.thread = worker("input values")
        "connect to signals from the thread"

现在我明白了，使用多处理模块我应该能够在另一个处理器内核上运行集成的线程，以使其更快并减少 GUI 的滞后。但是，从上面的链接中，我不确定应该如何应用这个模块，甚至不确定如何重构我的代码。我是否必须将我现在在我的 Worker 类中拥有的代码放入另一个类中，或者我是否能够以某种方式将多处理模块应用到我现有的线程上？ 非常感谢任何帮助！

编辑： 新代码如下所示：

class Worker(QtCore.QThread):

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        super(Worker,self).__init__()
        self.operation_parameters = args[0]
        self.growth_parameters = args[1]
        self.osmolality_parameters = args[2]
        self.controller_parameters = args[3]
        self.c_zero = args[4]

    def run(self):
        data = multiprocessing.Queue()
        input_dict = {"function": self.ode_fun_vrabel_rushton_scaba_cont_co2_oxygen_biomass_metabol,
                      "time": [0, self.t_final],
                      "initial values": self.c_zero}
        data.put(input_dict)
        self.ode_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.multi_process_function, args=(data,))
        self.ode_process.start()

        self.solution = data.get()

    def multi_process_function(self,data):
        self.message_signal = True
        input_dict = data.get()
        solution = solve_ivp(input_dict["function"], input_dict["time"],
                      input_dict["initial values"], method="BDF")
        data.put(solution)

    def ode_fun(self,t,c):
        "Function where the ode equations are set up"
        (...) = self.operation_parameters
        (...) = self.growth_parameters
        (...) = self.osmolality_parameters
        (...) = self.controller_parameters

如果我通过self.“parameter_name”访问ode_fun函数中的参数可以吗？还是我还必须将它们与数据参数一起传递？
使用当前代码，我收到以下错误：TypeError: can't pickle Worker objects

Answer 1

你可以像这样从你的工作人员那里调用它：

import PySide2
from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
import multiprocessing

class Worker(QtCore.QThread):

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        super(Worker, self).__init__()
        self.ode_process = None

        "Here I collect input parameters"

    def run(self):
        "Here I call solve_ivp for the integration and send a signal with the solution when it is done"
        data = multiprocessing.Queue()
        data.put("all objects needed in the process, i would suggest a single dict from which you extract all data")
        self.ode_process = multiprocessing.Process(target="your heavy duty function", args=(data,))
        self.ode_process.start()  # this is non blocking

        # if you want it to block:
        self.ode_process.join()
        # make sure you remove all input data from the queue and fill it with the result, then to get it back:
        results = data.get()

        print(results)  # or do with it what you want to do...

    def ode_fun(self, t, c):
        "Function where the ode equations are set up"


class Ui_MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        "set up the GUI"
        self.btnStartSimulation.clicked.connect(self.start_simulation) #button to start the integration

    def start_simulation(self):
        self.watchthread(Worker)
        self.thread.start()

    def watchthread(self,worker):
        self.thread = worker("input values")
        "connect to signals from the thread"

另外请注意，您现在每次按下开始模拟时都会覆盖正在运行的进程。您可能想为此使用某种锁。