可变参数模板，没有匹配的函数调用

Question

我正在编写zip 的实现，但我遇到了一些问题。这是一个最小的测试用例：

#include <iostream>
#include <deque>
#include <tuple>
#include <string>
#include <limits>

template <template <typename...> class Container, typename... Types>
Container<std::tuple<Types...>> zip(Container<Types> const&... args) {
  unsigned len = commonLength(args...);
  Container<std::tuple<Types...>> res;
  std::tuple<Types...> item;

  for (unsigned i=0; i<len; i++) {
    item = getTupleFrom(i, args...);
    res.push_back(item);
  }

  return res;
}

template <class ContainerA, class... Containers>
unsigned commonLength(ContainerA first, Containers... rest, unsigned len=std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max()) {
  unsigned firstLen = first.size();
  if (len > firstLen) {
    len = firstLen;
  }
  return commonLength(rest..., len);
}

template <class ContainerA>
unsigned commonLength(ContainerA first, unsigned len=std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max()) {
  unsigned firstLen = first.size();
  if (len > firstLen) {
    len = firstLen;
  }
  return len;
}

template <template <typename...> class Container, typename TypeA, typename... Types>
std::tuple<TypeA, Types...> getTupleFrom(unsigned index, Container<TypeA> const& first, Container<Types> const&... rest) {
  return std::tuple_cat(std::tuple<TypeA>(first[index]), getTupleFrom(index, rest...));
}

template <template <typename...> class Container, typename TypeA>
std::tuple<TypeA> getTupleFrom(unsigned index, Container<TypeA> const& first) {
  return std::tuple<TypeA>(first[index]);
}

int main() {

  std::deque<int> test1 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
  std::deque<std::string> test2 = {"hihi", "jump", "queue"};
  std::deque<float> test3 = {0.2, 8.3, 7, 123, 2.3};
  for (auto i : zip(test1, test2, test3)) {
    std::cout << std::get<0>(i) << std::get<1>(i) << std::get<2>(i) << std::endl;
  }
  //expected output:
  //1hihi0.2
  //2jump8.3
  //3queue7
  return 0;
}

编译时出现以下错误：

error: no matching function for call to ‘commonLength(const Star::List<int>&, const Star::List<std::basic_string<char> >&, const Star::List<float>&)’
note: candidates are:
note: template<class ContainerA, class ... Containers> unsigned int Star::commonLength(ContainerA, Containers ..., unsigned int)
note: template<class ContainerA> unsigned int Star::commonLength(ContainerA, unsigned int)

我假设我指定我的模板参数错误或类似的东西。我还尝试重新构建并完全消除该功能，但随后我遇到了与 getTupleFrom 相同的错误。

谁能解释一下我为什么这么笨？因为我只是不知道我做错了什么。 :(

Answer 1

嗯，这行得通：

#include <iostream>
#include <deque>
#include <tuple>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>

template <class ContainerA>
unsigned commonLength(unsigned len, const ContainerA &first) {
  unsigned firstLen = first.size();
  if (len > firstLen) {
    len = firstLen;
  }
  return len;
}


template <class ContainerA, class... Containers>
unsigned commonLength(unsigned len, const ContainerA &first, const Containers&... rest) {
  unsigned firstLen = first.size();
  if (len > firstLen) {
    len = firstLen;
  }
  return commonLength(len, rest...);
}

template <template <typename...> class Container, typename TypeA>
std::tuple<TypeA> getTupleFrom(unsigned index, Container<TypeA> const& first) {
  return std::tuple<TypeA>(first[index]);
}

template <template <typename...> class Container, typename TypeA, typename... Types>
std::tuple<TypeA, Types...> getTupleFrom(unsigned index, Container<TypeA> const& first, Container<Types> const&... rest) {
  return std::tuple_cat(std::tuple<TypeA>(first[index]), getTupleFrom(index, rest...));
}

template <template <typename...> class Container, typename... Types>
Container<std::tuple<Types...>> zip(Container<Types> const&... args) {
  unsigned len = commonLength(std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max(), args...);
  Container<std::tuple<Types...>> res;
  std::tuple<Types...> item;

  for (unsigned i=0; i<len; i++) {
    item = getTupleFrom(i, args...);
    res.push_back(item);
  }

  return res;
}

int main() {

  std::deque<int> test1 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
  std::deque<std::string> test2 = {"hihi", "jump", "queue"};
  std::deque<float> test3 = {0.2, 8.3, 7, 123, 2.3};
  for (auto i : zip(test1, test2, test3)) {
    std::cout << std::get<0>(i) << std::get<1>(i) << std::get<2>(i) << std::endl;
  }
  //expected output:
  //1hihi0.2
  //2jump8.3
  //3queue7
}

它的输出完全符合您的预期。问题是：

• 您没有在commonLength 中使用const& 容器，而zip 的参数在其中引用了const。
• commonLength中的无符号参数推不出来，所以我把它移到了开头
• 您以错误的顺序声明/定义函数（A 需要 B，但 A 是在 B 之前定义的），所以我重新排序了。

显然 clang 3.1 无法推断出 zip 中的模板参数，但 g++ 4.6 可以很好地推导出它们。

Answer 2

一步一步挑选。

您缺少标题：

#include <limits>

您有未声明的标识符：

template <template <typename...> class Container, typename TypeA, typename... Types>
std::tuple<TypeA, Types...> getTupleFrom(unsigned index, Container<TypeA> const& first, Container<Types> const&... rest) {
  return std::tuple_cat(std::tuple<TypeA>(first[index]), getTupleFrom(index, rest...), end);
}

end 在哪里声明？

你前后矛盾：

Container<std::tuple<Types...>> zip(Container<Types> const&... args) {
  unsigned len = commonLength(args...);
  Container<std::tuple<Types...>> res;

是Container<std::tuple<Types...>> 还是Container<Types>？或者这正是你的意思？您的代码有点复杂，仅供快速查看。

那么，对于Container<TypeA> 的非零计数，您只有getTupleFrom 的版本，

template <template <typename...> class Container, typename TypeA, typename... Types>
std::tuple<TypeA, Types...> getTupleFrom(unsigned index, Container<TypeA> const& first, Container<Types> const&... rest) {
  return std::tuple_cat(std::tuple<TypeA>(first[index]), getTupleFrom(index, rest...), end);
}

template <template <typename...> class Container, typename TypeA>
std::tuple<TypeA> getTupleFrom(unsigned index, Container<TypeA> const& first) {
  return std::tuple<TypeA>(first[index]);
}

这就是为什么会有错误

error: no matching function for call to ‘getTupleFrom(unsigned int&)’

这表明您以某种方式到达了参数列表为空的点（无符号整数参数除外）。我想你需要防止这种情况发生。