共享常量在其他语言中很流行,但在 Elixir 中并不流行。我个人发现,大多数时候我不需要使用该模式。但是有一些应用程序我已经在它们上大量构建了。
当我确实需要它们时,我有一个常量模块,我使用以下模块:
defmodule Constants do
@moduledoc """
An alternative to use @constant_name value approach to defined reusable
constants in elixir.
This module offers an approach to define these in a
module that can be shared with other modules. They are implemented with
macros so they can be used in guards and matches
## Examples:
Create a module to define your shared constants
defmodule MyConstants do
use Constants
define something, 10
define another, 20
end
Use the constants
defmodule MyModule do
require MyConstants
alias MyConstants, as: Const
def myfunc(item) when item == Const.something, do: Const.something + 5
def myfunc(item) when item == Const.another, do: Const.another
end
"""
defmacro __using__(_opts) do
quote do
import Constants
end
end
@doc "Define a constant"
defmacro constant(name, value) do
quote do
defmacro unquote(name), do: unquote(value)
end
end
@doc "Define a constant. An alias for constant"
defmacro define(name, value) do
quote do
constant unquote(name), unquote(value)
end
end
@doc """
Import an hrl file.
Create constants for each -define(NAME, value).
"""
defmacro import_hrl(file_name) do
list = parse_file file_name
quote bind_quoted: [list: list] do
for {name, value} <- list do
defmacro unquote(name)(), do: unquote(value)
end
end
end
defp parse_file(file_name) do
for line <- File.stream!(file_name, [], :line) do
parse_line line
end
|> Enum.filter(&(not is_nil(&1)))
end
defp parse_line(line) do
case Regex.run ~r/-define\((.+),(.+)\)\./, line do
nil -> nil
[_, name, value] ->
{String.strip(name) |> String.downcase |> String.to_atom, String.strip(value) |> parse_value}
_ -> nil
end
end
defp parse_value(string) do
case Integer.parse string do
:error -> filter_string(string)
{num, _} -> num
end
end
defp filter_string(string), do: String.replace(string, "\"", "")
end
情侣笔记:
- 他们在模式匹配中工作!
- 不要导入常量模块。很难找到它们的定义位置
- 为简洁的模块起别名 `alias MyConstantsMod, as: Const
- 此模块还支持处理 Erlang hrl 文件
- 注意
require 语句。 define 是一个宏。
- 当使用 sublime 的多光标和 vi 键绑定时,转换 C
#define 语句列表只需几个键击:)