将 Selenium 与相同的浏览器会话一起使用

Question

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.junit.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

public class Test1 {
  private WebDriver driver;
  private String baseUrl;
  private boolean acceptNextAlert = true;
  private StringBuffer verificationErrors = new StringBuffer();

  @Before
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver",  "D:/Development/ProgrammingSoftware/Testing/IEDriverServer.exe");

    WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
    baseUrl = "http://seleniumhq.org/";
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
  }

  @Test
  public void test1() throws Exception {
    driver.get(baseUrl + "/download/");
    driver.findElement(By.linkText("Latest Releases")).click();
    driver.findElement(By.linkText("All variants of the Selenium Server: stand-alone, jar with dependencies and sources.")).click();
  }

  @After
  public void tearDown() throws Exception {
    driver.quit();
    String verificationErrorString = verificationErrors.toString();
    if (!"".equals(verificationErrorString)) {
      fail(verificationErrorString);
    }
  }

  private boolean isElementPresent(By by) {
    try {
      driver.findElement(by);
      return true;
    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  private String closeAlertAndGetItsText() {
    try {
      Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
      if (acceptNextAlert) {
        alert.accept();
      } else {
        alert.dismiss();
      }
      return alert.getText();
    } finally {
      acceptNextAlert = true;
    }
  }
}

我希望 IE 具有相同的会话，但此代码总是打开一个新的 IE 实例。我如何获得这项工作？

Answer 1

我认为不可能将驱动程序附加到现有会话。

如果您已经执行完一个测试方法，并且如果您想执行另一个类或包中存在的另一个测试方法，请通过将当前驱动程序传递给该方法来调用该方法，以便您可以使用当前的实例那边的司机。

Answer 2

这个问题在过去已经被问过好几次了，而我要回答的问题甚至都不是最近的。但是我仍然会继续发布答案，因为最近我被与同一浏览器会话相关的问题所困扰。我如何能够利用已经打开的浏览器，这样我就可以继续我的测试运行，而不是从头开始重新启动它。在浏览大量页面后，当您遇到重新启动 Selenium 测试的问题时，在某些情况下甚至会很费力。相反，我想知道“银弹在哪里？”。终于看到了“http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium/”写的一篇文章。但是仍然有一些缺失的链接。所以我想在这里借助一个合适的例子来解开它。 在以下代码 sn-p 中，我尝试在 Chrome 浏览器的 Selenium 会话中启动 SeleniumHQ 并单击下载链接。

    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Selenium\\chromedriver.exe");
//First Session
        ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        HttpCommandExecutor executor = (HttpCommandExecutor) 
        driver.getCommandExecutor();
        URL url = executor.getAddressOfRemoteServer();
        SessionId session_id = driver.getSessionId();
        storeSessionAttributesToFile("Id",session_id.toString());
        storeSessionAttributesToFile("URL",url.toString());
        driver.get("https://docs.seleniumhq.org/");
        WebElement download = driver.findElementByLinkText("Download");
        download.click();

如果您阅读了上面的代码，我将捕获 Selenium 远程服务器的 URL 和当前 selenium（浏览器）会话的会话 ID，并将其写入属性文件。 现在，如果我需要继续在同一个浏览器窗口/会话中执行，尽管停止了当前的测试运行，我需要做的就是在上述代码 sn-p 中注释第一个会话下方的代码并继续从代码中进行测试下面：

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Selenium\\chromedriver.exe");
//First Session
  //ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
  //HttpCommandExecutor executor = (HttpCommandExecutor) driver.getCommandExecutor();
 //URL url = executor.getAddressOfRemoteServer();
//SessionId session_id = driver.getSessionId();
//storeSessionAttributesToFile("Id",session_id.toString());
//      storeSessionAttributesToFile("URL",url.toString());
//      driver.get("https://docs.seleniumhq.org/");
//      WebElement download = driver.findElementByLinkText("Download");
//      download.click();
//Attaching to the session
    String existingSession = readSessionId("Id");
    String url1 = readSessionId("URL");
    URL existingDriverURL = new URL(url1);
    RemoteWebDriver attachToDriver = createDriverFromSession(existingSession, existingDriverURL);
    WebElement previousReleases = attachToDriver.findElementByLinkText("Previous Releases");
    previousReleases.click();

现在您可能必须重构和重命名驱动程序对象（即使保留名称仍然可以，但我只是想区分将其附加到现有驱动程序和启动驱动程序）。在上面的代码块中，我在读取并分配 URL 和 sessionid 并从会话创建驱动程序以继续利用浏览器和会话之后继续我的测试。 请查看下面的完整代码：

package org.openqa.selenium.example;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.Command;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.CommandExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.Response;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.SessionId;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpCommandCodec;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec;

public class AttachingToSession {

public static String SESSION_FILE = "C:\\example\\Session.Properties";
public static Properties prop = new Properties();

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Selenium\\chromedriver.exe");
//First Session
    ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
    HttpCommandExecutor executor = (HttpCommandExecutor) driver.getCommandExecutor();
    URL url = executor.getAddressOfRemoteServer();
    SessionId session_id = driver.getSessionId();
    storeSessionAttributesToFile("Id",session_id.toString());
    storeSessionAttributesToFile("URL",url.toString());
    driver.get("https://docs.seleniumhq.org/");
    WebElement download = driver.findElementByLinkText("Download");
    download.click();
//Attaching to the session
    String existingSession = readSessionId("Id");
    String url1 = readSessionId("URL");
    URL existingDriverURL = new URL(url1);
    RemoteWebDriver attachToDriver = createDriverFromSession(existingSession, existingDriverURL);
    WebElement previousReleases = attachToDriver.findElementByLinkText("Previous Releases");
    previousReleases.click();
}

public static RemoteWebDriver createDriverFromSession(final String sessionId, URL command_executor){
    CommandExecutor executor = new HttpCommandExecutor(command_executor) {

        @Override
        public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
            Response response = null;
            if (command.getName() == "newSession") {
                response = new Response();
                response.setSessionId(sessionId);
                response.setStatus(0);
                response.setValue(Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());
                try {
                    Field commandCodec = null;
                    commandCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("commandCodec");
                    commandCodec.setAccessible(true);
                    commandCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpCommandCodec());

                    Field responseCodec = null;
                    responseCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("responseCodec");
                    responseCodec.setAccessible(true);
                    responseCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpResponseCodec());
                } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            } else {
                response = super.execute(command);
            }
            return response;
        }
    };

    return new RemoteWebDriver(executor, new DesiredCapabilities());
}


public static void storeSessionAttributesToFile(String key,String value) throws Exception{
        OutputStream output = null;
        try{
            output = new FileOutputStream(SESSION_FILE);
            //prop.load(output);
            prop.setProperty(key, value);
            prop.store(output, null);
        }
        catch(IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if(output !=null){
                output.close();
            }
        }

}

public static String readSessionId(String ID) throws Exception{

    Properties prop = new Properties();
    InputStream input = null;
    String SessionID = null;
    try {
        input = new FileInputStream(SESSION_FILE);
        // load a properties file
        prop.load(input);
        // get the property value and print it out
        System.out.println(prop.getProperty(ID));
        SessionID = prop.getProperty(ID);
    } catch (IOException ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        if (input != null) {
            try {
                input.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    return SessionID;
}
}