使用 virtualenv 和错误消息：- setuptools pip wheel 失败，错误代码为 1

Question

多年来，在我的 Mac 上安装了很多 Python 和 Anacondas，在某种程度上这些都被忽略了，我怀疑现在重新出现并给我带来了问题。

我想设置一个 virtualenv 环境并进行了 pip install virtualenv。我想为 Django1.8 创建一个新环境 Django18，但在执行命令 virtualenv Django18 后收到错误消息：

OSError: Command ~/Desktop/Django18/bin/python - setuptools pip wheel failed with error code 1

bash_profile

# added by Anaconda2 4.2.0 installer
export PATH="~/anaconda2/bin:$PATH"

命令：哪个python

~/anaconda2/bin/python

在 /usr/bin/ 中：

-rwxr-xr-x     2 root   wheel     58416 Jul 15  2015 python
-rwxr-xr-x     5 root   wheel       925 Sep 10  2014 python-config
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        75 Nov  9  2014 python2.6 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/python2.6
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        82 Nov  9  2014 python2.6-config -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/python2.6-config
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        75 Nov  9  2014 python2.7 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        82 Nov  9  2014 python2.7-config -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7-config
-rwxr-xr-x     2 root   wheel     58416 Jul 15  2015 pythonw
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        76 Nov  9  2014 pythonw2.6 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/pythonw2.6
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        76 Nov  9  2014 pythonw2.7 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw2.7

.profile

export PATH="/opt/local/lib/gmt4/bin:$PATH"
export PATH="~/teqc:$PATH"
export PATH="/usr/local/runpkr000:$PATH"
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# MacPorts Installer addition on 2015-04-02_at_16:40:23: adding an appropriate PATH variable for use with MacPorts.
# export PATH="/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:$PATH"
# Finished adapting your PATH environment variable for use with MacPorts.

# added by Anaconda 2.3.0 installer
# export PATH="~/anaconda/bin:$PATH"

我怀疑需要对此进行一些清理，但是如何解决此错误消息并让 virtualenv 按预期工作？我已经尝试了几种方法，但在应用潜在的补救措施之前，我很难确定我的情况到底是什么导致了这个问题。

---

/opt/local/bin（是macports安装）？：

lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       24 Oct  9  2016 python -> /opt/local/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       31 Oct  9  2016 python-config -> /opt/local/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       73 Dec 14  2014 python2.7 -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       80 Dec 14  2014 python2.7-config -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       25 Oct  9  2016 pythonw -> /opt/local/bin/pythonw2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       74 Dec 14  2014 pythonw2.7 -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw2.7

/usr/Local/bin

lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        69 Dec 12  2012 python3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        72 Dec 12  2012 python3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3-32
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        76 Dec 12  2012 python3-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3-config
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        71 Dec 12  2012 python3.3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        74 Dec 12  2012 python3.3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3-32
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        78 Dec 12  2012 python3.3-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3-config
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        72 Dec 12  2012 python3.3m -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3m
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        79 Dec 12  2012 python3.3m-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3m-config
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        70 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        73 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3-32
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        72 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3.3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3.3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        75 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3.3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3.3-32

导入系统 系统路径

~/anaconda2/lib/python27.zip
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/plat-mac
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/lib-tk
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/lib-old
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Sphinx-1.4.6-py2.7.egg
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/aeosa
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py2.7.egg

/opt/local/Library/Frameworks：

Python.framework

/System/Library/Frameworks

Python.framework

---

编辑

which python 产生：

~/anaconda2/bin/python

which -a python 产生：

~/anaconda2/bin/python
/usr/bin/python

它们不一样。但是在删除python安装后：

/opt/local/bin
/usr/Local/bin
/usr/bin

并在

中使用rm -rf python*和sudo rm -rf python*

/opt/local/Library/Frameworks

which 输出然后变得相同。

我意识到which python 命令实际上是指.bash_profile 文件中写入的内容，而不是.profile（优先于.bash_profile）。

无论如何，我在.bash_profile 中注释掉了$PATH，因此强制环境变量只能在.profile 文件中使用。然后source ~/.bash_profile。

在我的.profile 中我添加了：

export PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages:$PATH

然后source ~/.profile

但是在which python 之后我仍然得到：

~/anaconda2/bin/python

这有点令人沮丧，因为即使更改相关文件并删除某些 python 安装，结果仍然相同：-/

Answer 1

对我来说，最好的解决方法是先检查which -a python，在我的情况下有两种情况：

~/anaconda2/bin/python
/usr/bin/python

由于某些未知原因，virtualenv 命令似乎不喜欢 python 的 anaconda 安装，所以改用：

virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python2.7 my_environment

Answer 2

我遇到了同样的错误，但后来我才意识到我正在尝试在与我的 Python 安装文件夹（C :/myname/python27) 。

所以我刚刚创建了一个文件夹，然后在其中 (C:/myname/newfolder/..) 我运行 ("virtualenv virtual_folder") 没有任何问题。

Answer 3

如果你有几个不同的 python 和 anaconda 安装，我唯一可以推荐的就是清理。但也对其他人会说什么感兴趣。