如何将时间戳添加到 PowerShell 和输出的各个行？

Question

如果有的话，如何为& PowerShell 运算符生成的输出的每一行添加时间戳？

例子：

PS H:\> $result = & ping 192.168.1.1
PS H:\> echo $result

Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=104ms TTL=250
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=106ms TTL=250
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=102ms TTL=250
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=102ms TTL=250
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 102ms, Maximum = 106ms, Average = 103ms

想要的结果：

PS H:\> echo $result

2014-12-08T14:45:48.8898125+00:00:Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
2014-12-08T14:45:48.8932661+00:00:Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=104ms TTL=250
2014-12-08T14:45:48.9233451+00:00:Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=106ms TTL=250
2014-12-08T14:45:48.9765438+00:00:Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=102ms TTL=250
2014-12-08T14:45:49.0233105+00:00:Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=102ms TTL=250
2014-12-08T14:45:49.0233201+00:00:
2014-12-08T14:45:49.0238753+00:00:Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
2014-12-08T14:45:49.0239210+00:00:    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
2014-12-08T14:45:49.0233318+00:00:Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
2014-12-08T14:45:49.0237209+00:00:    Minimum = 102ms, Maximum = 106ms, Average = 103ms

我知道如何拆分/加入 PowerShell 数组，但这只能在 & 运算符完成后发生。我正在寻找更多类似实时的解决方案，在 & 运算符运行时将时间戳添加到输出中。

顺便说一下，时间戳本身是$($(Get-Date -Format o) + ":")

Answer 1

您可以使用过滤器：

filter timestamp {"$(Get-Date -Format o): $_"}
$result = & ping 192.168.1.1 | timestamp

$result 的示例输出：

2014-12-08T11:42:59.2827202-05:00: 
2014-12-08T11:42:59.2857205-05:00: Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
2014-12-08T11:43:03.1241043-05:00: Request timed out.
2014-12-08T11:43:08.1236042-05:00: Request timed out.
2014-12-08T11:43:13.1241042-05:00: Request timed out.
2014-12-08T11:43:18.1246042-05:00: Request timed out.
2014-12-08T11:43:18.1246042-05:00: 
2014-12-08T11:43:18.1246042-05:00: Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
2014-12-08T11:43:18.1246042-05:00:     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),

Answer 2

对于正在寻找有关filter、here is the documentation 的更多信息的任何人。很难找到，因为搜索“filter”和“powershell”这个词的任何组合都会给出一百万个示例并且没有文档。此外，powershell 中的 help filter 也没有提供明显的帮助。

mjolinor 提供的答案是执行此类操作的最佳方式，但我想对其进行扩展。

filter timestamp {"$(Get-Date): $_"}

是调用这个的快捷方式

function timestamp { Process{"$(Get-Date): $_"} }

这两者都创建了接受来自管道的输入的命名函数。在 powershell 中运行 help pipline 以了解更多信息。管道将一次对单个对象进行操作，并且可以使用 automatic variable $_ 引用该对象。因此，每个函数都将遍历管道中使用| 管道字符传递给它的每个项目。

这与普通函数的行为不同，因为它在对象到达时对其进行处理，而不是一次全部处理。例如运行

function timestamp {
        "$(Get-Date): $input"
}
$result = & ping 127.0.0.1
$result | timestamp

会将整个 $result 对象转储到一行中并产生如下所示的响应

03/14/2018 15:23:16:  Pinging 127.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 127.0.0.1: b
ytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 12
7.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128  Pi
ng statistics for 127.0.0.1:     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), 
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Avera
ge = 0ms

由于该函数作为一个整体对对象进行操作，因此您必须遍历每一行。改成这个

function timestampfunction {
    foreach ($i in $input){
        "$(Get-Date): $i"
    }
}

会给你格式很好的

03/14/2018 15:23:16: 
03/14/2018 15:23:16: Pinging 127.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data:
03/14/2018 15:23:16: Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
03/14/2018 15:23:16: Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
03/14/2018 15:23:16: Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
03/14/2018 15:23:16: Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
03/14/2018 15:23:16: 
03/14/2018 15:23:16: Ping statistics for 127.0.0.1:
03/14/2018 15:23:16:     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
03/14/2018 15:23:16: Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
03/14/2018 15:23:16:     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

Here 是一篇写得很好的文章，介绍了这些方法之间的差异。

Answer 3

您可以只使用ForEach-Object cmdlet（在下面的示例中使用% 别名）

ping 192.168.1.1 | %{ "{0:HH:mm:ss:fff}: {1}" -f (Get-Date), $_ }

结果：

23:41:51:301:
23:41:51:302: Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
23:41:55:255: Request timed out.
23:42:00:266: Request timed out.
23:42:05:254: Request timed out.
23:42:10:253: Request timed out.
23:42:10:261:
23:42:10:263: Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
23:42:10:265:     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),

或者使用类似 mjolinor 的格式回答：

ping 192.168.1.1 | %{ "{0:o}: {1}" -f (Get-Date), $_ }

结果：

2019-04-23T23:45:40.5816185+02:00:
2019-04-23T23:45:40.5845856+02:00: Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
2019-04-23T23:45:44.2560567+02:00: Request timed out.
2019-04-23T23:45:49.2549104+02:00: Request timed out.
2019-04-23T23:45:54.2547535+02:00: Request timed out.
2019-04-23T23:45:59.2547932+02:00: Request timed out.
2019-04-23T23:45:59.2577788+02:00:
2019-04-23T23:45:59.2607707+02:00: Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
2019-04-23T23:45:59.2627647+02:00:     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),

Answer 4

您可以将 Start-Transcript cmdlet 与配置文件中的自定义提示结合使用：

# Configure PS prompt to show date and time
function prompt
{ 
    $promptStringStart = "PS:" + (Get-Date -format MM/dd/yy` hh:mm:ss)
    $promptStringEnd += ">"
    Write-Host $promptStringStart -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Yellow
    Write-Host $promptStringEnd -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Yellow
    return " "
}

这在我的 Windows 7 工作站上运行良好。但是，在一些较新的 Server 2012 R2 安装上，Start-Transcript 似乎略有损坏。这修复了部分问题：https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3014136/powershell-transcript-file-doesn-t-contain-the-correct-information-in-windows-server-2012-r2

...但它仍然无法解决自定义提示的问题。

例如，我在控制台上看到了这个：

PS:02/14/17 08:28:20> hostname
server463

这就是写入日志的内容：

PS:02/14/17 08:28:20
>

PS>hostname
server463