Python tkinter 更改在 for 循环中创建的单个按钮参数

Question

您好，我使用 for 循环创建了 15 个按钮，每个按钮传递一个名称并打开一个新的顶级窗口，在顶级窗口内还有 2 个按钮，一个称为“打卡”和“打卡”我想根据是否有人打卡来更改初始按钮（其中包含名称的按钮）的背景，但是我不知道如何处理在 for 循环中创建的各个按钮。

from Tkinter import *

master = Tk()
master.geometry('800x480+0+0')
master.title('Gateway Logger')

names = ['Annette', 'Heather', 'Tracey', 'Amy', 'Josh', 'Chris'
         , 'Lekh', 'Ellie', 'Sarah', 'Richard', 'Paula', 'Michelle'
         , 'Martin', 'Dave', 'Phil']
visitors = ['Visitor 1', 'Visitor2', 'Visitor 3', 'Visitor 4', 'Visitor 5', 'Visitor 6']

name_width = 20
name_height = 5
xpad = 5
ypad = 5
col = 0
roww = 0

sarah='out'

def clock_mast(n):
    iowid=40
    iohi=15
    global clock
    print "This is: " +str(n)
    clock = Toplevel(width=300, height =300)
    clock.title('Clock In/Out')

    staff_name = Label (clock, text = n, font = "Verdana 24")
    staff_name.grid(row=1,column=1,columnspan=2)

    inbut=Button(clock, width=iowid, height=iohi, text='Clock In', bg='green',command=lambda:clock_in())
    inbut.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=10,pady=50, columnspan=1)
    outbut=Button(clock, width=iowid, height=iohi, text='Clock Out', bg='red',command=lambda:clock_out())
    outbut.grid(row=2, column=2, padx=10,pady=50, columnspan=1)



def clock_in():
    global clock
    clock.destroy()

def clock_out():
    global clock
    clock.destroy()


for n in names:  
    b = Button(master,text=n,width = name_width, height = name_height,command=lambda n=n: clock_mast(n))
    b.grid(row = roww, column = col,padx = xpad, pady = ypad)
    col += 1
    if col == 3:
        col = 0
        roww += 1



master.mainloop()

Answer 1

您当前程序的问题是，在for 循环中，您实际上是在创建新按钮时覆盖先前创建的按钮，因此无法再访问它们（因为没有剩余的参考脚本中的那些按钮）。

我建议您可以创建一个字典并使用 n（名称）作为键存储按钮，然后将父按钮的名称传递给 clock_in() 和 clock_out() 函数，然后使用它名称以获取对按钮的引用并配置其属性。

示例代码-

from Tkinter import *

master = Tk()
master.geometry('800x480+0+0')
master.title('Gateway Logger')

names = ['Annette', 'Heather', 'Tracey', 'Amy', 'Josh', 'Chris'
         , 'Lekh', 'Ellie', 'Sarah', 'Richard', 'Paula', 'Michelle'
         , 'Martin', 'Dave', 'Phil']
visitors = ['Visitor 1', 'Visitor2', 'Visitor 3', 'Visitor 4', 'Visitor 5', 'Visitor 6']

name_width = 20
name_height = 5
xpad = 5
ypad = 5
col = 0
roww = 0

sarah='out'

def clock_mast(n):
    iowid=40
    iohi=15
    global clock
    print "This is: " +str(n)
    clock = Toplevel(width=300, height =300)
    clock.title('Clock In/Out')

    staff_name = Label (clock, text = n, font = "Verdana 24")
    staff_name.grid(row=1,column=1,columnspan=2)

    inbut=Button(clock, width=iowid, height=iohi, text='Clock In', bg='green',command=lambda n=n:clock_in(n))
    inbut.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=10,pady=50, columnspan=1)
    outbut=Button(clock, width=iowid, height=iohi, text='Clock Out', bg='red',command=lambda n=n:clock_out(n))
    outbut.grid(row=2, column=2, padx=10,pady=50, columnspan=1)



def clock_in(n):
    global clock
    global button_dict             #This is not really necessary, but I put it there to be explicit.
    button_dict[n].configure(bg='green')     #Choose whatever properties you want to choose to configure
    clock.destroy()

def clock_out(n):
    global clock
    global button_dict             #This is not really necessary, but I put it there to be explicit.
    button_dict[n].configure(bg='red')     #Choose whatever properties you want to choose to configure
    clock.destroy()

button_dict = {}

for n in names:  
    button_dict[n] = Button(master,text=n,width = name_width, height = name_height,command=lambda n=n: clock_mast(n))
    button_dict[n].grid(row = roww, column = col,padx = xpad, pady = ypad)
    col += 1
    if col == 3:
        col = 0
        roww += 1



master.mainloop()